Deformed special relativity with an invariant minimum speed and its cosmological implications

TL;DR

This paper proposes a deformed special relativity framework incorporating an invariant minimum speed, leading to a preferred frame and vacuum energy effects that naturally explain the small cosmological constant and its observational consistency.

Contribution

It introduces a new symmetry principle with an invariant minimum speed, extending space-time structure and linking it to cosmological vacuum energy.

Findings

Derives a small cosmological constant consistent with observations

Predicts a negative pressure due to vacuum energy at large scales

Breaks Lorentz symmetry through a preferred reference frame

Abstract

The paper aims to introduce a new symmetry principle in the space-time geometry through the elimination of the classical idea of rest and by including a universal minimum limit of speed in the subatomic world. Such a limit, unattainable by particles, represents a preferred reference frame associated with a universal background field that breaks Lorentz symmetry. Thus the structure of space-time is extended due to the presence of a vacuum energy density, which leads to a negative pressure at cosmological scales. The tiny values of the cosmological constant and the vacuum energy density shall be successfully obtained, being in good agreement with current observational results.