Causal Relationships between Eruptive Prominences and Coronal Mass Ejections

TL;DR

This paper investigates the causal relationship between eruptive prominences and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), proposing a flux rope instability model and suggesting a predictive method based on filament height analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a flux rope instability framework to explain EP-CME associations and proposes using prominence height measurements for eruption prediction.

Findings

Eruptive prominences are near stability limits days before eruption.

Comparison of observed and critical heights can predict filament eruptions.

Analysis of 80 filaments supports the flux rope instability model.

Abstract

A close association between eruptive prominences and CMEs, both slow and fast CMEs, was reported in many studies. Sometimes it is possible to follow the material motion starting from the prominence (filament) activation to the CME in the high corona. Remnants of the prominence were found in the bright core of CMEs. However, detailed comparisons of the two phenomena reveal problems in explaining CMEs as a continuation of filament eruptions in the upper corona. For example, the heliolatitudes of the disappeared filaments and subsequent coronal ejections sometimes differ by tens of degrees. In order to clear up the problems of EP-CME association we tentatively analyse the more general question of the dynamics of a magnetic flux rope. Prominences and filaments are the best tracers of the flux ropes in the corona long before the beginning of the eruption. A twisted flux rope is held by the tension of field lines of photospheric sources until parameters of the system reach critical values and a catastrophe happens. We suggest that the associated flux rope height above the photosphere is one of these parameters and it is revealed by the height of the filament. 80 filaments were analysed and we found that eruptive prominences were near the so-called limit of stability a few days before their eruptions. We suggest that a comparison of the real heights of prominences with the calculated critical heights from magnetograms could be systematically used to predict filament eruptions and the corresponding CMEs.