The network approach: basic concepts and algorithms

TL;DR

This paper introduces the fundamental concepts and algorithms of complex network analysis, demonstrating its broad applicability across various scientific disciplines and summarizing recent research trends.

Contribution

It provides an overview of basic network concepts, algorithms, and recent developments, serving as an introductory resource for studying complex systems through networks.

Findings

Characterization of main types of networks in nature

Application of statistical physics tools to network analysis

Discussion of recent trends in network research

Abstract

What is a complex network? How do we characterize complex networks? Which systems can be studied from a network approach? In this text, we motivate the use of complex networks to study and understand a broad panoply of systems, ranging from physics and biology to economy and sociology. Using basic tools from statistical physics, we will characterize the main types of networks found in nature. Moreover, the most recent trends in network research will be briefly discussed.