Interaction-induced star formation in a complete sample of 10^5 nearby star-forming galaxies

TL;DR

This study analyzes how tidal interactions influence star formation in a large sample of nearby galaxies, revealing that close companions significantly boost star formation rates and cause structural changes, especially in low-mass, highly star-forming galaxies.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive statistical evidence linking tidal interactions to enhanced star formation and structural changes in a large, complete galaxy sample.

Findings

Star formation enhancement strongly depends on galaxy proximity.

Over 40% of high SFR/M* galaxies have close companions within 100 kpc.

Tidal interactions are the main trigger for intense star formation.

Abstract

We investigate the clustering properties of a complete sample of 10^5 star-forming galaxies drawn from the SDSS DR4. On scales less than 100 kpc, the amplitude of the correlation function exhibits a strong dependence on the specific star formation rate of the galaxy. We interpret this as the signature of enhanced star formation induced by tidal interactions. We then explore how the average star formation rate in a galaxy is enhanced as the projected separation r_p between the galaxy and its companions decreases. We find that the enhancement depends strongly on r_p, but very weakly on the relative luminosity of the companions. The enhancement is also stronger in low mass galaxies than in high mass galaxies. In order to explore whether a tidal interaction is not only sufficient, but also necessary to trigger enhanced star formation in a galaxy, we compute background subtracted neighbour counts for the galaxies in our sample. The average number of close neighbours around galaxies with low to average values of SFR/M* is close to zero. At the highest specific star formation rates, however, more than 40% of the galaxies in our sample have a companion within a projected radius of 100 kpc. Visual inspection of the highest SFR/M* galaxies without companions reveals that more than 50% of these are clear interacting or merging systems. We conclude that tidal interactions are the dominant trigger of enhanced star formation in the most strongly star-forming systems. Finally, we find clear evidence that tidal interactions not only lead to enhanced star formation in galaxies, but also cause structural changes such as an increase in concentration.