The mid IR -- hard X-ray correlation in AGN and its implications for dusty torus models

TL;DR

This study finds a strong correlation between mid-infrared and hard X-ray luminosities in AGN, supporting clumpy torus models and the unified scenario, with high-resolution imaging crucial for accurate analysis.

Contribution

It provides new high-resolution MIR observations and demonstrates the correlation's implications for torus geometry and AGN unification models.

Findings

Significant correlation between 12.3 μm and 2-10 keV luminosities.

Sy 1 and Sy 2 have similar L_MIR / L_X ratios.

Supports clumpy torus models over smooth ones.

Abstract

Context: We investigate mid-infrared and X-ray properties of the dusty torus invoked in the unification scenario for active galactic nuclei. Aims: We use the relation between mid IR and hard X-ray luminosities to constrain the geometry and physical state of the dusty torus. Methods: We present new VISIR observations of 17 nearby AGN and combine these with our earlier VISIR sample of 8 Seyfert galaxies. Combining these observations with X-ray data from the literature we study the correlation between their mid IR and hard X-ray luminosities. Results: A statistically highly significant correlation between the rest frame 12.3 mircon (L_MIR) and 2-10 keV (L_X) luminosities is found. Furthermore, with a probability of 97%, we find that Sy 1 and Sy 2 have the same distribution of L_MIR over L_X. Conclusions: The high resolution of our MIR imaging allows us to exclude any significant non-torus contribution to the AGN mid IR continuum,thereby implying that the similarity in the L_MIR / L_X ratio between Sy 1s and Sy 2s is intrinsic to AGN. We argue that this is best explained by clumpy torus models. The slope of the correlation is in good agreement with the expectations from the unified scenario and indicates little to no change of the torus geometry with luminosity. In addition, we demonstrate that the high angular resolution is crucial for AGN studies in the IR regime.