The Detection of a Light Echo from the Type Ia Supernova 2006X in M100

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of a light echo from SN 2006X, revealing a dusty environment with small grain sizes and providing insights into the supernova's surroundings through imaging and spectral analysis.

Contribution

First detection of a light echo from SN 2006X using HST and Keck data, indicating unusual dust properties and a dusty environment around the supernova.

Findings

Resolved extended, ring-like light echo in HST images.

Spectral analysis suggests a blue color for the echo, indicating small dust grains.

Dust illuminated by the echo is 27-170 pc from the SN.

Abstract

We report the discovery of a light echo (LE) from the Type Ia supernova (SN) 2006X in the nearby galaxy M100. The presence of the LE is supported by analysis of both the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) images taken with the {\it Hubble Space Telescope (HST)} at $\sim$300 d after maximum brightness and the Keck optical spectrum obtained at a similar phase. In the image procedure, both the radial-profile analysis and the point-spread-function (PSF) subtraction method resolve significant excess emission at 2--5 ACS pixels ($\sim0.05''-0.13''$) from the center. In particular, the PSF-subtracted ACS images distinctly appear to have an extended, ring-like echo. Due to limitations of the image resolution, we cannot confirm any structure or flux within 2 ACS pixels from the SN. The late-time spectrum of SN 2006X can be reasonably fit with two components: a nebular spectrum of a normal SN Ia and a synthetic LE spectrum. Both image and spectral analysis show a rather blue color for the emission of the LE, suggestive of a small average grain size for the scattering dust. Using the Cepheid distance to M100 of 15.2 Mpc, we find that the dust illuminated by the resolved LE is $\sim$27--170 pc from the SN. The echo inferred from the nebular spectrum appears to be more luminous than that resolved in the images (at the $\sim2\sigma$ level), perhaps suggesting the presence of an inner echo at $<$2 ACS pixels ($\sim0.05''$). It is not clear, however, whether this possible local echo was produced by a distinct dust component (i.e., the local circumstellar dust) or by a continuous, larger distribution of dust as with the outer component. Nevertheless, our detection of a significant echo in SN 2006X confirms that this supernova was produced in a dusty environment having unusual dust properties.