Possible Coexistence of Antihydrogen with Hydrogen, Deuterium and Tritium Atoms

TL;DR

This paper investigates the theoretical possibility that antihydrogen can coexist and form bound quasi-molecular states with hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium atoms, challenging traditional adiabatic models.

Contribution

It presents nonadiabatic computational models confirming the potential formation of antihydrogen-atom quasi molecules, which previous adiabatic models did not predict.

Findings

Antihydrogen can form bound states with hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium.

These quasi molecules are theoretically stable and could form naturally.

Results suggest possible resonant states in antihydrogen-atom interactions.

Abstract

Recent productions of large numbers of cold antiprotons as well as the formation of antihydrogens at CERN and Fermilab have raised basic questions about possible coexistence of matter and antimatter in nature. In the present work, previous mathematical considerations are revisited which support the possible coexistence of Antihydrogen with Hydrogen, Deuterium and Tritium atoms. In particular, the main objective of the present work is to present computational treatments which confirm the possible formation of these quasi molecules in laboratory. These treatments are based on a nonadiabatic picture of the system in which generalized basis functions are adjusted within the framework of Rayleigh-Ritz' variational method. Thus, it is ruled out in the present work the Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic picture of the system, which demands the existence of bound states composed of fixed quasi heavy atoms (containing at least two baryons, e.g. protonium (Pn), with mean lifetime 1.0x10^^-6 s) and quasi light atoms (composed of two leptons, e.g. positronium (Ps), with mean lifetime 125x10^^-12 s for para-Ps and 142.05x10^^-9 s for ortho-Ps). Our calculations of the binding energies and internal structure of Antihydrogen-Hydrogen, Antihydrogen-Deuterium and Antihydrogen-Tritium show that these quasi molecules are bound and could be formed in nature. On the other hand, having in mind the adiabatic picture of the systems, our results suggest the possible formation of these molecules as resonant states in Antihydrogen-Atom interaction. Nevertheless, several arguments are accumulated in the conclusion as consequences of the proposed bound states.