TL;DR
This paper reviews recent progress in lattice QCD techniques for understanding nucleon structure, including form factors, parton distributions, and three-dimensional proton imaging, highlighting future research directions.
Contribution
It presents new lattice QCD results on nucleon form factors, parton distribution moments, and GPDs, advancing the quantitative understanding of hadron structure.
Findings
Lattice QCD accurately computes nucleon form factors.
Progress in GPD studies reveals 3D proton structure.
Future prospects include resonance structure analysis.
Abstract
Recent advances in lattice field theory, in computer technology and in chiral perturbation theory have enabled lattice QCD to emerge as a powerful quantitative tool in understanding hadron structure. I describe recent progress in the computation of the nucleon form factors and moments of parton distribution functions, before proceeding to describe lattice studies of the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). In particular, I show how lattice studies of GPDs contribute to building a three-dimensional picture of the proton. I conclude by describing the prospects for studying the structure of resonances from lattice QCD.
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