Lupus-TR-3b: A Low-Mass Transiting Hot Jupiter in the Galactic Plane?

TL;DR

Lupus-TR-3b is a highly probable low-mass Hot Jupiter transiting a faint star, representing the faintest ground-based detection and one of the lowest mass Hot Jupiters identified to date.

Contribution

First ground-based detection of a very low-mass Hot Jupiter around a faint star using a highly efficient observational strategy.

Findings

Detected a transiting Hot Jupiter with a 3.914-day period.

Measured a planetary mass of approximately 0.81 Jupiter masses.

Identified the faintest host star for a ground-based Hot Jupiter detection.

Abstract

We present a strong case for a transiting Hot Jupiter planet identified during a single-field transit survey towards the Lupus Galactic plane. The object, Lupus-TR-3b, transits a V=17.4 K1V host star every 3.91405d. Spectroscopy and stellar colors indicate a host star with effective temperature 5000 +/- 150K, with a stellar mass and radius of 0.87 +/- 0.04M_sun and 0.82 +/- 0.05R_sun, respectively. Limb-darkened transit fitting yields a companion radius of 0.89 +/- 0.07R_J and an orbital inclination of 88.3 +1.3/-0.8 deg. Magellan 6.5m MIKE radial velocity measurements reveal a 2.4 sigma K=114 +/- 25m/s sinusoidal variation in phase with the transit ephemeris. The resulting mass is 0.81 +/- 0.18M_J and density 1.4 +/- 0.4g/cm^3. Y-band PANIC image deconvolution reveal a V>=21 red neighbor 0.4'' away which, although highly unlikely, we cannot conclusively rule out as a blended binary with current data. However, blend simulations show that only the most unusual binary system can reproduce our observations. This object is very likely a planet, detected from a highly efficient observational strategy. Lupus-TR-3b constitutes the faintest ground-based detection to date, and one of the lowest mass Hot Jupiters known.