Discovery of Quantum Hidden Variable
Huai-yang Cui

TL;DR
This paper proposes a hidden variable in quantum mechanics derived from an undefined component of the 4-vector Coulomb force, leading to a new wave equation from relativistic principles.
Contribution
It introduces the concept of Z-space and identifies a hidden variable as an undefined component of the 4-vector Coulomb force, connecting classical forces to quantum wave equations.
Findings
Derived Maxwell's equations from Coulomb's force and orthogonality.
Identified a missing component as a hidden variable in quantum mechanics.
Formulated a new quantum wave equation from relativistic Newton's law.
Abstract
The first clue, in the theory of relativity, the 4-vector force acting on a particle is orthogonal to the 4-vector velocity of the particle, this orthogonality means that there is some difference between the orthogonality and the usual statement: the Coulomb's force (or gravitational force) acts along the line joining a couple of particles (in usual 3D space), so the direction of 4-vector Coulomb's force is carefully investigated, it is found that Maxwell's equations can be derived from classical Coulomb's force and the orthogonality. The second clue, a 4-vector force has 4 components, because of the orthogonality of 4-vector force and 4-vector velocity, the number of independent components of the 4-vector force reduces to 3, however we prove that 4-vector Coulomb's force can merely provide 2 independent components, this situation means that there is an undefined component accompanying…
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Taxonomy
TopicsQuantum Mechanics and Applications · Relativity and Gravitational Theory · Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
