Characterization of graphene through anisotropy of constant-energy maps in angle-resolved photoemission

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how analyzing anisotropy in constant-energy ARPES maps can reveal wave function symmetry, electronic chirality, and interlayer coupling details in monolayer and bilayer graphene.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical framework for using ARPES anisotropy to characterize wave function symmetry and interlayer interactions in graphene.

Findings

Anisotropy in ARPES maps indicates electronic chirality in monolayer graphene.

ARPEs anisotropy can determine interlayer coupling parameters in bilayer graphene.

The method can detect symmetry breaking effects from substrates.

Abstract

We show theoretically how constant-energy maps of the angle-resolved photoemission intensity can be used to test wave function symmetry in graphene. For monolayer graphene, we demonstrate that the observed anisotropy of ARPES spectra is a manifestation of what has been recently branded as electronic chirality. For bilayer graphene, we show that the anisotropy of the constant-energy maps may be used to extract information about the magnitude and sign of interlayer coupling parameters and about symmetry breaking inflicted on a bilayer by the underlying substrate.