Ideals and quotients of B-quasisymmetric functions

TL;DR

This paper studies the algebraic structure of B-quasisymmetric functions and their quotients, revealing connections to combinatorial objects like ternary and p-ary trees through dimension formulas and lattice path bijections.

Contribution

It introduces the dimension of quotients of B-quasisymmetric functions, linking them to tree enumeration and constructing bases via lattice path bijections.

Findings

Dimension of the quotient equals Catalan-like numbers for B-quasisymmetric functions.

Constructs Gr"obner basis and linear basis for the quotient space.

Extends results to p sets of variables, relating to p-ary trees.

Abstract

The space $QSym_n(B)$ of $B$-quasisymmetric polynomials in 2 sets of $n$ variables was recently studied by Baumann and Hohlweg. The aim of this work is a study of the ideal $<QSym_n(B)^+>$ generated by $B$-quasisymmetric polynomials without constant term. In the case of the space $QSym_n$ of quasisymmetric polynomials in 1 set of $n$ variables, Aval, Bergeron and Bergeron proved that the dimension of the quotient of the space of polynomials by the ideal $<QSym_n^+>$ is given by Catalan numbers $C_n=\frac 1 {n+1} {2n \choose n}$. In the case of $B$-quasisymmetric polynomials, our main result is that the dimension of the analogous quotient is equal to $\frac{1}{2n+1}{3n\choose n}$, the numbers of ternary trees with $n$ nodes. The construction of a Gr\"obner basis for the ideal, as well as of a linear basis for the quotient are interpreted by a bijection with lattice paths. These results are finally extended to $p$ sets of variables, and the dimension is in this case $\frac{1}{pn+1}{(p+1)n\choose n}$, the numbers of $p$-ary trees with $n$ nodes.