Progress in hadron structure physics on the lattice

TL;DR

This review summarizes recent advances in lattice QCD studies of hadron structure, highlighting progress in calculating form factors, distribution functions, and spin properties of nucleons and pions, and comparing with experimental data.

Contribution

It provides an overview of recent lattice QCD results on hadron structure, emphasizing new insights into charge, momentum, and spin distributions, and discusses chiral extrapolations and their agreement with experiments.

Findings

Lattice QCD results on nucleon and pion form factors align with experimental data.

Progress in calculating moments of distribution amplitudes and parton distribution functions.

Lattice simulations significantly enhance understanding of hadron internal structure.

Abstract

This is a review of progress in hadron structure physics from lattice QCD. Recent results on the structure of the nucleon and the pion in terms of (transition) form factors, moments of distribution amplitudes and (generalized) parton distribution functions are presented. These observables allow us to investigate a number of fundamental physics questions related to e.g. the distribution of charge and momentum in hadrons, the spin structure of the nucleon and the pion, and correlations between spin, orbital angular momentum and coordinate degrees of freedom. Chiral extrapolations of selected lattice results are presented and compared to results from experiment and phenomenology. We conclude that lattice simulations already today strongly contribute to our understanding of the structure of hadrons.