Zero Lag Synchronization of Mutually Coupled Lasers in the Presence of Delays

TL;DR

This paper investigates zero lag synchronization of outer lasers in a line of three mutually coupled lasers with delays, demonstrating robust synchronization in both semiconductor and fiber laser systems through analysis and simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of synchronization phenomena in delayed coupled lasers, comparing semiconductor and fiber laser systems and highlighting the role of internal dissipation and noise.

Findings

Robust zero lag synchronization observed in both laser types.

Synchronization depends on delay length and internal dissipation.

Synchronization persists even with small coupling and noise in fiber lasers.

Abstract

We consider a line of three mutually coupled lasers with time delays and study chaotic synchronization of the outer lasers. Two different systems are presented: optoelectronically coupled semiconductor lasers and optically coupled fiber lasers. While the dynamics of the two systems are very different, robust synchronization of end lasers is obtained in both cases over a range of parameters. Here, we present analysis and numerical simulation to explain some of the observed synchronization phenomena. First, we introduce the system of three coupled semiconductor lasers and discuss the onset of oscillations that occurs via a bifurcation as the coupling strength increases. Next, we analyze the synchronization of the end lasers by examining the dynamics transverse to synchronized state. We prove that chaotic synchronization of the outer semiconductor lasers will occur for sufficiently long delays, and we make a comparison to generalized synchronization in driven dissipative systems. It is shown that the stability of synchronous state (as indicated by negative Lyupunov exponents transverse to the synchronization manifold) depends on the internal dissipation of the outer lasers. We next present numerical simulations for three coupled fiber lasers, highlighting some of the differences between the semiconductor and fiber laser systems. Due to the large number of coupled modes in fiber lasers, this is a good system for investigating spatio-temporal chaos. Stochastic noise is included in the fiber laser model, and synchrony of the outer lasers is observed even at very small coupling strengths.