Contraction-induced cluster formation in cardiac cell culture

TL;DR

This study investigates how mechanical stress from contractions in cardiac cell cultures leads to spontaneous cluster formation, highlighting the role of contraction activity and substrate properties in cellular organization.

Contribution

It reveals that contraction-induced mechanical stress drives cluster formation in cardiac cells and demonstrates how contraction inhibitors and substrate modifications influence this process.

Findings

Contraction activity promotes cluster formation in cardiac cultures.

Inhibition of contractions prevents cluster development.

Substrate collagen concentration affects clustering behavior.

Abstract

Evolution of the spatial arrangement of cells in a primary culture of cardiac tissue derived from newborn rats was studied experimentally over extended period. It was found that cells attract each other spontaneously to form a clustered structure over the timescale of several days. These clusters exhibit spontaneous rhythmic contraction and have been confirmed to consist of cardiac muscle cells. Addition of a contraction inhibitor (2,3-butanedione-2-monoxime) to the culture medium resulted in the inhibition of both the spontaneous contractions exhibited by the cells as well as the formation of clusters. Furthermore, the formation of clusters is suppressed when high concentrations of collagen are used for coating the substratum to which the cells adhere. From these experimental observations, it was deduced that the cells are mechanically stressed by the tension associated with repeated contractions and that this results in the cells becoming compact and attracting each other, finally resulting in the formation of clusters. This process can be interpreted as modulation of a cellular network by the activity associated with contraction, which could be employed to control cellular networks by modifying the dynamics associated with the contractions in cardiac tissue culture.