Steady State Thermodynamics for Heat Conduction -- Microscopic Derivation

TL;DR

This paper derives thermodynamic relations for nonequilibrium steady states of heat conduction from microscopic mechanics, introducing an extended Clausius relation and a microscopic entropy expression, enhancing understanding of nonequilibrium thermodynamics.

Contribution

It provides a microscopic derivation of thermodynamic relations for heat conduction steady states, including an extended Clausius relation and a microscopic entropy expression.

Findings

Extended Clausius relation allows experimental determination of nonequilibrium entropy.

Microscopic entropy expression is Shannon-like and suggestive.

Unified treatment of thermodynamic forces in linear nonequilibrium regime.

Abstract

Starting from microscopic mechanics, we derive thermodynamic relations for heat conducting nonequilibrium steady states. The extended Clausius relation enables one to experimentally determine nonequilibrium entropy to the second order in the heat current. The associated Shannon-like microscopic expression of the entropy is suggestive. When the heat current is fixed, the extended Gibbs relation provides a unified treatment of thermodynamic forces in linear nonequilibrium regime.