Dynamics of Phantom Matter

TL;DR

This paper models the evolution of self-gravitating phantom matter with w<-1, deriving conditions for horizon formation, and shows that accretion of such matter causes black hole horizons to shrink, effectively dissolving black holes.

Contribution

It provides an analytical framework for understanding the dynamics of phantom matter and its impact on black hole horizons, including conditions for transition from collapse to expansion.

Findings

Analytic solutions for spherically symmetric phantom matter evolution.

Conditions for horizon formation and change from collapse to expansion.

Accretion of phantom matter reduces black hole horizon size.

Abstract

A spherically symmetric evolution model of self-gravitating matter with the equation of state P=wE (where w=const<-1) is considered. The equations of the model are written in the frame of reference comoving with matter. A criterion for the existence and formation of a horizon is defined. Part of the Einstein equations is integrated analytically. The initial conditions and the constraints imposed on these conditions in the presence of a horizon are determined. For small |1+w| an analytic solution to spherically symmetric time-dependent Einstein equations is obtained. Conditions are determined under which the dynamics of matter changes from collapse to expansion. Characteristic times of the evolution of the system are evaluated. It is proved that the accretion of phantom matter (for w<-1) onto a black hole leads to the decreases of the horizon radius of the black hole (i.e., the black hole is "dissolved").