Limits on additional planetary companions to OGLE-2005-BLG-390L

TL;DR

This study constrains the presence of additional planets around the star OGLE-2005-BLG-390L using microlensing data, finding no evidence for gas giants but a low probability for similar sub-Neptune planets, supporting their commonality around low-mass stars.

Contribution

It provides the first quantitative constraints on additional planetary companions around OGLE-2005-BLG-390L using microlensing efficiency analysis.

Findings

No gas giant companions detected within 1.1-2.3 AU.

Detection efficiency for gas giants above 3 M_J is 70%.

Low probability (2-5%) of OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb-like planets.

Abstract

We investigate constraints on additional planets orbiting the distant M-dwarf star OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, around which photometric microlensing data has revealed the existence of the sub-Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb. We specifically aim to study potential Jovian companions and compare our findings with predictions from core-accretion and disc-instability models of planet formation. We also obtain an estimate of the detection probability for sub-Neptune mass planets similar to OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb using a simplified simulation of a microlensing experiment. We compute the efficiency of our photometric data for detecting additional planets around OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, as a function of the microlensing model parameters and convert it into a function of the orbital axis and planet mass by means of an adopted model of the Milky Way. We find that more than 50 % of potential planets with a mass in excess of 1 M_J between 1.1 and 2.3 AU around OGLE-2005-BLG-390L would have revealed their existence, whereas for gas giants above 3 M_J in orbits between 1.5 and 2.2 AU, the detection efficiency reaches 70 %; however, no such companion was observed. Our photometric microlensing data therefore do not contradict the existence of gas giant planets at any separation orbiting OGLE-2005-BLG-390L. Furthermore we find a detection probability for an OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb-like planet of around 2-5 %. In agreement with current planet formation theories, this quantitatively supports the prediction that sub-Neptune mass planets are common around low-mass stars.