Dynamical symmetry in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper explores how dynamical symmetry influences the eigenspectra of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing exact solutions for certain cases and highlighting their susceptibility to perturbations and symmetry-breaking.

Contribution

It demonstrates the role of dynamical symmetry in determining eigenspectra of spinor BECs and provides analytical solutions for specific cases, extending understanding of their spectral structure.

Findings

Dynamical symmetry determines eigenspectra in spin-1 and spin-2 BECs.

Analytical eigenspectrum solution for spin-3 BEC with specific couplings.

Quasidegenerate spectra in low-lying states indicate high susceptibility to perturbations.

Abstract

We demonstrate that dynamical symmetry plays a crucial role in determining the structure of the eigenspectra of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). In particular, the eigenspectra of spin- 1 and spin-2 BECs in the single-mode approximation are shown to be completely determined by dynamical symmetries, where a spin-2 BEC corresponds to the U(5) limit of the interacting boson model in nuclear physics. The eigenspectrum of a spin-3 BEC is solved analytically for a specific class of coupling constants, while it is shown that dynamical symmetry alone is not enough to determine the spectrum for arbitrary coupling constants. We also study the low-lying eigenspectra of spin-1 and spin-2 BECs in the absence of external magnetic field, and find, in particular, that the quasidegenerate spectra emerge for antiferromagnetic and cyclic phases. This implies that these systems are highly susceptible to external perturbations and may undergo symmetry-breaking transitions to other states upon increasing the size of system.