The nature of light in an expanding universe

TL;DR

This paper explores how light behaves in an expanding universe using a fractal manifold model, revealing new insights into matter distribution, dark matter, and dark energy.

Contribution

It introduces a fractal manifold framework to explain light's degrees of freedom and the interplay between geometry and gravity in cosmology.

Findings

Identifies two degrees of freedom governing light in an expanding universe

Proposes reciprocal causality between geometry variation and gravity

Offers a new interpretation of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Abstract

In this paper, we prove the existence of two degrees of freedom that govern the movement of light in an expanding universe. The use of the fractal manifold model leads to reciprocal causality between variation of geometry and gravity, which both play a complementary role in the universe architecture. This study unravels new facts about the distribution of matter in the universe, and provides a new interpretation of Dark Matter and Dark Energy.