Phase Stability in Ferroelectric Bismuth Titanate: A First Principles Study

TL;DR

This study uses first principles calculations to determine the stable ground state structure of ferroelectric Bismuth Titanate, finding the monoclinic phase as energetically favored over the orthorhombic phase.

Contribution

It provides a detailed first-principles analysis of Bismuth Titanate's structure, clarifying the stability of monoclinic versus orthorhombic phases.

Findings

Monoclinic structure is the ground state according to DFT calculations.

Small energy differences may explain experimental coexistence of phases.

Optimized lattice parameters match experimental observations.

Abstract

Experimental data on the structure of ferroelectric oxide Bismuth Titanate suggests two different kinds of structures i.e. orthorhombic and monoclinic. We have performed density functional theory (DFT) based first principle calculations to determine the ground state structure of bismuth titanate, based on experimentally observed monoclinic and orthorhombic phases of Bi4Ti3O12. Both of these phases are optimized to zero pressure and lattice parameters were determined as a = 5.4370 Ang, b = 5.4260 Ang, c = 32.6833 Ang and Z = 4 for structure with space group B2cb and a = 5.4289 Ang, b = 5.4077 Ang, c = 32.8762 Ang, b = 90.08 deg and Z = 4 for the structure with space group B1a1 . Static and dynamic calculations show that the monoclinic structure with the space group B1a1 is the ground state structure. It is noted that small difference in the energies of both structures could be a factor behind experimental observation of either of the structure.