The effect of clouds in a galactic wind on the evolution of gas-rich dwarf galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates how interstellar clouds influence the dynamical and chemical evolution of gas-rich dwarf galaxies, revealing their role in delaying outflows, diluting metallicity, and affecting gas retention and enrichment processes.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed 2-D hydrodynamical model incorporating clouds with realistic properties, highlighting their impact on galaxy evolution compared to smooth gas models.

Findings

Clouds delay large-scale outflows and help retain gas.

Cloud interactions dilute metallicity, reducing final metal abundance.

Clouds can create holes in superbubbles, affecting metal ejection.

Abstract

(Abridged) We study the effects of interstellar clouds on the dynamical and chemical evolution of gas-rich dwarf galaxies. In particular, we focus on two model galaxies similar to IZw18 and NGC1569 in comparison to models in which a smooth initial distribution of gas is assumed. We use a 2-D hydrodynamical code coupled with a series of routines able to trace the chemical products of SNeII, SNeIa and intermediate-mass stars. Clouds are simulated by adding overdense regions in the computational grid, whose locations are chosen randomly and whose density profiles match observed ones. The clouds are inherently dynamically coupled to the diffuse gas, and they experience heat conduction from a hot surrounding gas. Due to dynamical processes and thermal evaporation, the clouds survive only a few tens of Myr. Due to the additional cooling agent, the internal energy of cloudy models is typically reduced by 20 - 40% compared with models of diffuse gas alone. The clouds delay the development of large-scale outflows by mass loading, therefore helping to retain a larger amount of gas inside the galaxy. However, their bullet effect can pierce the expanding supershell and create holes through which the superbubble can vent freshly produced metals. Moreover, assuming a pristine chemical composition for the clouds, their interaction with the superbubble dilutes the gas, reducing the metallicity. The resulting final metallicity is therefore generally lower (by ~ 0.2 - 0.4 dex) than the one attained by diffuse models.