Comparison between 2-D and 3-D codes in dynamical simulations of gas flow in barred galaxies

TL;DR

This study compares 2-D and 3-D fluid dynamical simulations of gas flow in barred galaxies, finding that results are consistent and differences are negligible for dark matter analysis.

Contribution

It demonstrates that 2-D and 3-D codes produce similar results in modeling gas flows in barred galaxies, validating the use of simpler models for dark matter studies.

Findings

Velocity fields are very similar in both models.

Shock positions and strengths are consistent across models.

Maximum velocity difference across shocks is 20 km/s.

Abstract

Context: One of the ways to determine the contribution of the dark halo to the gravitational potential of a galaxy is the study of non-circular (streaming) motions and the associated gas shocks in the bar region. These motions, determined by the potential in the inner parts, can break the disk-halo degeneracy. Here, two main fluid dynamical approaches have been chosen to model the non-circular motions in the bar region; a 2-D Eulerian grid code for an isothermal gas (FS2) and a 3-D smoothed particle hydrodynamic code (N-body/SPH). Aims: The aim of this paper is to compare and quantify the differences of the gas flows in rotating barred potential obtained using two different fluid dynamical approaches. We analyse the effect of using 2-D and a 3-D codes in the calculation of gas flow in barred galaxies and to which extend the results are affected by the code. To do this, we derive the velocity field and density maps for the mass model of NGC 4123 using a 3-D N-body/SPH code and compare the results to the previous 2-D Eulerian grid code results. Methods: Numerical modelling, 3-D N-body/SPH simulations Results: The global velocity field and the gas distribution is very similar in both models. The study shows that the position and strength of the shocks developed in the SPH simulations do not vary significantly compared to the results derived from the 2-D FS2 code. The largest velocity difference across the shock is 20\kms between the 2-D and 3-D fluid dynamical models. Conclusions: The results obtained in the studies deriving the dark matter content of barred galaxies using the bar streaming motions and strength and position of shocks are robust to the fluid dynamical model used. The effect of 2-D and 3-D modelling can be neglected in this type of studies.