Effelsberg Observations of Excited-State (6.0 GHz) OH in Supernova Remnants and W3(OH)

TL;DR

This study searched for excited-state OH masers at 6.0 GHz in supernova remnants using the Effelsberg telescope but found no evidence of such masers, indicating these conditions are unlikely in SNRs.

Contribution

The paper provides the first targeted search for 6.0 GHz excited-state OH masers in SNRs and reports the absence of such masers, refining understanding of maser conditions.

Findings

No excited-state OH masers detected in SNRs

Weak absorption observed at 6016 MHz toward W3(OH)

Evidence of low-gain maser emission at 6049 MHz

Abstract

While masers in the 1720 MHz transition of OH are detected toward many supernova remnants (SNRs), no other OH transition is seen as a maser in SNRs. We present a search for masers at 6049 MHz, which has recently been predicted to produce masers by pure collisional excitation at conditions similar to that required for 1720 MHz masing. The Effelsberg 100 m telescope was used to observe the excited-state 6016, 6030, 6035, and 6049 MHz lines of OH toward selected SNRs, most of which have previously-detected bright 1720 MHz masers. No excited-state masers are found toward SNRs, consistent with previous observations of the 6049 MHz and other excited-state transitions. We do not see clear evidence of absorption toward SNR target positions, although we do see evidence of absorption in the molecular cloud at +50 km/s near Sgr A East. Weak absorption is detected at 6016 MHz toward W3(OH), while stronger, narrower emission is seen at 6049 MHz, suggesting that the 6049 MHz emission is a low-gain maser. We conclude that conditions in SNRs are not conducive to excited-state maser emission, especially in excited-state satellite lines.