Entropy of Stars, Black Holes and Dark Energy

TL;DR

This paper discusses the entropy increase during stellar collapse into black holes, highlighting the significant information loss and the implications for understanding the nature of dark energy and the universe.

Contribution

It introduces a perspective on entropy changes in astrophysical objects and explores their implications for dark energy and cosmic evolution.

Findings

Entropy increases by a factor of 10^19 for solar mass black holes.

Most information about matter is lost beyond the black hole horizon.

Implications for dark energy and universe's entropy balance.

Abstract

When a star collapses to form a black hole, its entropy increases considerably, for a solar mass black hole, there is a factor of 1019 increase in entropy. This corresponds to a tremendous loss of information as only the total mass, angular momentum or electric charge (if any) of the matter going inside the horizon can be measured by an outside observer. Information about all other characteristics of the matter becomes irrelevant.