Clouds, Gravity and Metallicity in Blue L dwarfs: The Case of 2MASS J11263991-5003550

TL;DR

This study investigates the peculiar spectral features of the blue L dwarf 2MASS J11263991-5003550, attributing its unusual properties to thin or large-grained condensate clouds, and provides insights into cloud formation in low-temperature atmospheres.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that the spectral peculiarities of blue L dwarfs can be explained by condensate cloud properties, advancing understanding of cloud effects in brown dwarf atmospheres.

Findings

Blue L dwarfs have weaker 10 micron silicate oxide absorption.

Spectral peculiarities are linked to cloud grain size and thickness.

Unresolved multiplicity and metallicity alone do not explain the features.

Abstract

Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of the newly discovered peculiar L dwarf 2MASS J11263991-5003550 are presented. Folkes et al. identified this source as a high proper motion L9+/-1 dwarf based on its strong H2O absorption at 1.4 micron. We find that the optical spectrum of 2MASS J1126-5003 is in fact consistent with that of a normal L4.5 dwarf with notably enhanced FeH absorption at 9896 A. However, its near-infrared spectrum is unusually blue, with strong H2O and weak CO bands similar in character to several recently identified ``blue L dwarfs''. Using 2MASS J1126-5003 as a case study, and guided by trends in the condensate cloud models of Burrows et al. and Marley et al., we find that the observed spectral peculiarities of these sources can be adequately explained by the presence of thin and/or large-grained condensate clouds as compared to normal field L dwarfs. Atypical surface gravities or metallicities alone cannot reproduce the observed peculiarities, although they may be partly responsible for the unusual condensate properties. We also rule out unresolved multiplicity as a cause for the spectral peculiarities of 2MASS J1126-5003. Our analysis is supported by examination of Spitzer mid-infrared spectral data from Cushing et al. which show that bluer L dwarfs tend to have weaker 10 micron absorption, a feature tentatively associated with silicate oxide grains. With their unique spectral properties, blue L dwarfs like 2MASS J1126-5003 should prove useful in studying the formation and properties of condensates and condensate clouds in low temperature atmospheres.