Dust observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 at the time of the Deep Impact

TL;DR

This study analyzed dust ejected from Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the Deep Impact event, revealing properties of the normal coma and impact cloud, including dust composition, sublimation, and velocity distribution.

Contribution

It provides detailed observations of the dust characteristics and sublimation processes in the comet's coma and impact ejecta, enhancing understanding of cometary dust behavior.

Findings

Detected sublimating grains with an 11-hour lifetime

Measured impact cloud velocity distribution around 115 m/s

Observed size-dependent sublimation effects on dust cross section

Abstract

On 4 July 2005 at 05:52 UT, the impactor of NASA's Deep Impact (DI) mission crashed into comet 9P/Tempel 1 with a velocity of about 10 km/s. The material ejected by the impact expanded into the normal coma, produced by ordinary cometary activity. The characteristics of the non-impact coma and cloud produced by the impact were studied by observations in the visible wavelengths and in the near-IR. The scattering characteristics of the "normal" coma of solid particles were studied by comparing images in various spectral regions, from the UV to the near-IR. For the non-impact coma, a proxy of the dust production has been measured in various spectral regions. The presence of sublimating grains has been detected. Their lifetime was found to be about 11 hours. Regarding the cloud produced by the impact, the total geometric cross section multiplied by the albedo was measured as a function of the color and time. The projected velocity appeared to obey a Gaussian distribution with the average velocity of the order of 115 m/s. By comparing the observations taken about 3 hours after the impact, we have found a strong decrease in the cross section in J filter, while that in Ks remained almost constant. This is interpreted as the result of sublimation of grains dominated by particles of sizes of the order of some microns.