Spin-rotation couplings: spinning test particles and Dirac field

TL;DR

This paper reviews and discusses the theoretical and experimental aspects of spin-rotation coupling in classical and quantum physics, including original contributions, in both special and general relativity contexts.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of spin-rotation coupling theories and introduces new insights into the effect's existence through classical and quantum models.

Findings

Spin-rotation coupling exists in classical and quantum models.

Theoretical evidence supports the physical reality of spin-rotation effects.

Original contributions clarify the coupling's implications in relativity.

Abstract

The hypothesis of coupling between spin and rotation introduced long ago by Mashhoon is examined in the context of "1+3" and "3+1" space-time splitting techniques, either in special or in general relativity. Its content is discussed in terms of classical (Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon-Souriou model) as well as quantum physics (Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for the Dirac field in an external field), reviewing and discussing all the relevant theoretical literature concerning the existence of such effect. Some original contributions are also included.