The ANTARES detector: background sources and effects on detector performance

TL;DR

This paper discusses the background sources affecting the ANTARES neutrino detector, including environmental and atmospheric factors, and presents methods to mitigate their impact on detection performance.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of background sources in the ANTARES detector and introduces new techniques to improve detection efficiency during high background periods.

Findings

Bioluminescence causes large time variations in background noise.

Constant background from 40K decay is about 45 kHz.

Methods developed improve detection efficiency during high background activity.

Abstract

The ANTARES Collaboration is deploying a large neutrino detector at a depth of 2475 m in the Mediterranean Sea, 40 km off shore from La Seyne-sur-Mer in South France. The construction of this 12-line detector with 75 phototubes per line will be completed early 2008. Data taking has begun since April 2005 with an instrumentation line also equipped with optical modules. The first 5 detector lines are operational since January 2007. The telescope is aimed to observe high energy cosmic neutrinos through the detection of the Cerenkov light produced by up-going induced muons. Background sources are due to atmospheric neutrinos as well as misreconstructed atmospheric muons. Additional backgrounds inherent to the sea water environment come from 40K decay and marine organisms' luminescence. While the contribution of the former is expected to be constant at a level of about 45 kHz, the bioluminescence has shown large time variations, with periods of very high activity, up to several hundred kHz. Description of these background sources will be reported, and effects on detector performance will be described. Methods recently developed to improve the detection efficiency in high background periods will be described, together with some of the results obtained.