The galaxy populations from the centers to the infall regions in z~0.25 clusters

TL;DR

This study investigates galaxy populations from cluster centers to outskirts at z~0.25, revealing environmental effects on star formation and the importance of preprocessing and ram-pressure stripping in galaxy evolution.

Contribution

It provides new insights into how star formation activity varies with environment and the role of preprocessing before galaxies enter clusters.

Findings

Global suppression of star formation in cluster outskirts at about 3Rvir

Presence of red star-forming galaxies indicating intermediate evolutionary stages

Environmental effects influence galaxy evolution beyond cluster cores

Abstract

We conducted a panoramic spectroscopic campaign with MOSCA at the Calar Alto observatory. We acquired spectra of more than 500 objects. Approximately 150 of these spectra were of galaxies that are members of six different clusters, which differ in intrinsic X-ray luminosity. The wavelength range allows us to quantify the star formation activity by using the OII and the Halpha lines. This activity is examined in terms of the large-scale environment expressed by the clustercentric distance of the galaxies as well as on local scales given by the spatial galaxy densities. A global suppression of star-formation is detected in the outskirts of clusters, at about 3Rvir. Galaxies with ongoing star-formation have similar activity, regardless of the environment. Therefore, the decline of the star-formation activity inside the investigated clusters is driven mainly by the significant change in the fraction of active versus passive populations. This suggests that the suppression of the star-formation activity occurs on short timescales. We detect a significant population of red star-forming galaxies whose colors are consistent with the red-sequence of passive galaxies. They appear to be in an intermediate evolutionary stage between active and passive types. Since a suppression of star-formation activity is measured at large clustercentric distances and low projected densities, purely cluster-specific phenomena cannot fully explain the observed trends. Therefore, as suggested by other studies, group preprocessing may play an important role in transforming galaxies before they enter into the cluster environment. Since models predict that a significant fraction of galaxies observed in the outskirts may have already transversed through the cluster center, the effects of ram-pressure stripping cannot be neglected. (ABRIDGED)