Pyrolysis of secondary raw material from used frying oils

TL;DR

This study explores the pyrolysis of used frying oils to produce renewable energy sources, optimizing conditions to maximize hydrogen and hydrocarbon yields for sustainable fuel applications.

Contribution

It demonstrates the optimal pyrolysis conditions for used frying oils to generate hydrogen and hydrocarbons suitable for energy and fuel production.

Findings

Optimal pyrolysis at 800°C with water as diluent yields 40% dihydrogen.

Produced gases include methane, propylene, CO, and CO2 in specific ratios.

Favorable H2/CO ratio for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was achieved.

Abstract

A totally green chemistry alternative that would lead both to energy production from renewable feedstocks and to solutions of parts of ecological problems related to waste disposals would be very attractive. Pyrolysis of used frying oils seems to be one option for this attractive alternative as we propose to demonstrate in this study. Since 2002, the whole production of waste edible oils (around 100 000 tons per year in France) must be collected and transformed into secondary raw material by specific companies. The general aim of the present work is to produce one of the following target sources of energy: (i) H2 for fuel cells, (ii) H2/CO in satisfactory ratios to produce biodiesel by Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction, or (iii) hydrocarbon mixtures with high added value. Therefore, in this work, the conversion of a crude used frying oil, named VEGETAMIXOIL^(r); from Ecogras Company (France), was investigated (weight composition: C 73.6%; O 9.7%; H 12.2%). In support of our knowledge related to fatty acids and methyl esters, a laboratory pilot plant was built to study the pyrolysis of used frying oils. Effects of temperature (700-800 degrees C), residence time, addition of reaction initiator (H2O2) or inhibitor (thiophene), and diluent (water or nitrogen) were analysed with regard to the nature and amounts of pyrolysis products. Results led to the conclusion that the best operating conditions of pyrolysis are 800 degrees C with water as diluent, leading to the production of dihydrogen (40%) and hydrocarbons from methane to propylene, essentially. CO and CO2 are also produced but with low molar fractions. Furthermore, a ratio H2/CO favourable for low temperature FT is obtained.