Extreme gravitational lensing in vicinity of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive simulation of optical effects, including gravitational lensing and frequency shifts, near Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes, incorporating the influence of a cosmological constant for different observer motions.

Contribution

It extends standard black hole optical projection analysis to include cosmological constant effects and develops a high-performance, fully relativistic simulation code for visualizing these phenomena.

Findings

Simulated images of the sky near Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes.

Analyzed effects of the cosmological constant on gravitational lensing.

Produced dynamic visualizations for different observer trajectories.

Abstract

We have developed a realistic, fully general relativistic computer code to simulate optical projection in a strong, spherically symmetric gravitational field. The standard theoretical analysis of optical projection for an observer in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole is extended to black hole spacetimes with a repulsive cosmological constant, i.e, Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetimes. Influence of the cosmological constant is investigated for static observers and observers radially free-falling from the static radius. Simulations include effects of the gravitational lensing, multiple images, Doppler and gravitational frequency shift, as well as the intensity amplification. The code generates images of the sky for the static observer and a movie simulations of the changing sky for the radially free-falling observer. Techniques of parallel programming are applied to get a high performance and a fast run of the BHC simulation code.