Infrared spectroscopic diagnostics for Active Galactic Nuclei

TL;DR

Infrared spectroscopy offers detailed diagnostics for active galactic nuclei, enabling the study of gas conditions across various ionization states, with future space missions promising to expand observations of distant galaxies.

Contribution

This paper reviews infrared spectroscopic diagnostics for active galactic nuclei and predicts line fluxes for high-redshift galaxies using models based on NGC1068.

Findings

Line ratio diagrams using mid- and far-infrared ionic lines are presented.

Predictions for high-redshift galaxy spectra are provided.

Upcoming space missions will enable large samples of distant galaxy observations.

Abstract

Infrared spectroscopy in the mid- and far-infrared provides powerful diagnostics for studying the emission regions in active galaxies. The large variety of ionic fine structure lines can probe gas conditions in a variety of physical conditions, from highly ionized gas excited by photons originated by black hole accretion to gas photoionized by young stellar systems. The critical density and the ionization potential of these transitions allow to fully cover the density-ionization parameter space. Some examples of line ratios diagrams using both mid-infrared and far-infrared ionic fine structure lines are presented. The upcoming space observatory Herschel will be able to observe the far-infrared spectra of large samples of local active galaxies. Based on the observed near-to-far infrared emission line spectrum of the template galaxy NGC1068, are presented the predictions for the line fluxes expected for galaxies at high redshift. To observe spectroscopically large samples of distant galaxies, we will have to wait fot the future space missions, like SPICA and, ultimately, FIRI.