Fluctuation theorem for entropy production during effusion of a relativistic ideal gas

TL;DR

This paper derives the probability distribution of entropy production during effusion of a relativistic ideal gas, extends it to include pair production and annihilation, and verifies the fluctuation theorem in these scenarios.

Contribution

It provides an explicit calculation of entropy production distribution for relativistic gases and confirms the fluctuation theorem with particle-antiparticle dynamics.

Findings

Explicit entropy production distribution derived

Fluctuation theorem verified for relativistic gases

Extension to pair production and annihilation included

Abstract

The probability distribution of the entropy production for the effusion of a relativistic ideal gas is calculated explicitly. This result is then extended to include particle and anti-particle pair production and annihilation. In both cases, the fluctuation theorem is verified.