The chemical potential for the inhomogeneous electron liquid in terms of its kinetic and potential parts with special consideration of the surface pote ntial step and BCS-BEC crossover

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the chemical potential of inhomogeneous electron liquids, linking it to surface potential steps and exploring the BCS-BEC crossover in one-dimensional systems, providing insights into phase transitions and surface effects.

Contribution

It presents a novel relation between chemical potential and surface potential step, and extends analysis to BCS-BEC crossover in a 1D model with delta interactions.

Findings

Chemical potential equals the energy per particle plus surface potential step.

In the BCS regime, chemical potential depends only on the ground-state energy.

Discussion of the strong coupling BEC limit included.

Abstract

The chemical potential $\mu$ of a many-body system is valuable since it carries fingerprints of phase changes. Here, we summarize results for $\mu$ for a thre e-dimensional electron liquid in terms of average kinetic and potential energie s per particle. The difference between $\mu$ and the energy per particle is fou nd to be exactly the electrostatic potential step at the surface. We also prese nt calculations for an integrable one-dimensional many-body system with delta f unction interactions, exhibiting a BCS-BEC crossover. It is shown that in the B CS regime the chemical potential can be expressed solely in terms of the ground -state energy per particle. A brief discussion is also included of the strong c oupling BEC limit.