Toroidal metamaterial

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel 3D toroidal metamaterial with a strong, measurable toroidal response, demonstrating unique electromagnetic properties like negative refraction and backward waves, influenced by the host material's dielectric permittivity.

Contribution

It presents the design and analysis of a new toroidal metamaterial with enhanced toroidal response and explores its electromagnetic properties and potential applications.

Findings

Significant toroidal response measurable in the new metamaterial.

Existence of an optimal configuration for maximum interaction.

Presence of negative refraction and backward waves in the composite material.

Abstract

It is shown that a new type of metamaterial, a 3D-array of toroidal solenoids, displays a significant toroidal response that can be readily measured. This is in sharp contrast to materials that exist in nature, where the toroidal component is weak and hardly measurable. The existence of an optimal configuration, maximizing the interaction with an external electromagnetic field, is demonstrated. In addition, it is found that a characteristic feature of the magnetic toroidal response is its strong dependence on the background dielectric permittivity of the host material, which suggests possible applications. Negative refraction and backward waves exist in a composite toroidal metamaterial, consisting of an array of wires and an array of toroidal solenoids.