Two-dimensional discrete solitons in rotating lattices

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability of two-dimensional discrete solitons in a rotating lattice modeled by a DNLS equation, revealing how rotation influences the stability of fundamental and vortex solitons with different topological charges.

Contribution

It introduces a 2D DNLS model with rotation, analyzing stability regions of various localized states, including on-axis vortex solitons with different vorticities, under rotation.

Findings

Rotation stabilizes S=2 vortex solitons.

Rotation destabilizes S=1 vortex solitons at weak coupling.

Stability regions are affected by rotation frequency and coupling constant.

Abstract

We introduce a two-dimensional (2D) discrete nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger (DNLS) equation with self-attractive cubic nonlinearity in a rotating reference frame. The model applies to a Bose-Einstein condensate stirred by a rotating strong optical lattice, or light propagation in a twisted bundle of nonlinear fibers. Two species of localized states are constructed: off-axis fundamental solitons (FSs), placed at distance $R$ from the rotation pivot, and on-axis (R=0) vortex solitons (VSs), with vorticities $% S=1$ and 2. At a fixed value of rotation frequency $\Omega $, a stability interval for the FSs is found in terms of the lattice coupling constant $C$, $% 0<C<C_{\mathrm{cr}}(R)$, with monotonically decreasing $C_{\mathrm{cr}}(R)$. VSs with S=1 have a stability interval, $\tilde{C}_{\mathrm{cr}%}^{(S=1)}(\Omega)<C<C_{\mathrm{cr}}^{(S=1)}(\Omega)$, which exists for $% \Omega $ below a certain critical value, $\Omega_{\mathrm{cr}}^{(S=1)}$. This implies that the VSs with S=1 are \emph{destabilized} in the weak-coupling limit by the rotation. On the contrary, VSs with S=2, that are known to be unstable in the standard DNLS equation, with $\Omega =0$, are \emph{stabilized} by the rotation in region $0<C<C_{\mathrm{cr}}^{(S=2)}$%, with $C_{\mathrm{cr}}^{(S=2)}$ growing as a function of $\Omega $. Quadrupole and octupole on-axis solitons are considered too, their stability regions being weakly affected by $\Omega \neq 0$.