Harmonic functions via restricted mean-value theorems

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability and convergence of functions under restricted mean-value operators, showing that iterated averages of continuous functions on convex domains tend to harmonic functions.

Contribution

It establishes conditions under which the iterated restricted mean-value map converges to harmonic functions, extending classical mean-value theorems to a stability context.

Findings

Convergence of iterated averages to harmonic functions on strongly convex domains.

Uniform convergence results for functions in $C^0(ar{ ext{domain}})$ and $C^{2,eta}(ar{ ext{domain}})$.

Conditions on domain smoothness and function regularity for stability of harmonic functions.

Abstract

Let $f$ be a function on a bounded domain $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ and $\delta$ be a positive function on $\Omega$ such that $B(x,\delta(x))\subseteq \Omega$. Let $\sigma(f)(x)$ be the average of $f$ over the ball $B(x,\delta(x))$. The restricted mean-value theorems discuss the conditions on $f,\delta,$ and $\Omega$ under which $\sigma(f)=f$ implies that $f$ is harmonic. In this paper, we study the stability of harmonic functions with respect to the map $\sigma$. One expects that, in general, the sequence $\sigma^n(f)$ converges to a harmonic function. Among our results, we show that if $\Omega$ is strongly convex (respectively $C^{2,\alpha}$-smooth for some $\alpha\in [0,1]$), the function $\delta(x)$ is continuous, and $f\in C^0(\bar \Omega)$ (respectively, $f\in C^{2,\alpha}(\bar \Omega)$), then $\sigma^n(f)$ converges to a harmonic function uniformly on $\bar \Omega$.