KAM for the Non-Linear Schr\"odinger Equation

TL;DR

This paper develops a KAM theory for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a potential, proving the persistence of quasi-periodic solutions under small perturbations and establishing their linear stability and reducibility.

Contribution

It introduces a novel KAM approach for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with potential, demonstrating the persistence and stability of quasi-periodic solutions in an infinite-dimensional setting.

Findings

Existence of quasi-periodic solutions for small perturbations

Linearized equations are reducible to constant coefficients

Solutions have zero Lyapunov exponents

Abstract

We consider the $d$-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation under periodic boundary conditions: $-i\dot u=-\Delta u+V(x)*u+\ep \frac{\p F}{\p \bar u}(x,u,\bar u), \quad u=u(t,x), x\in\T^d $ where $V(x)=\sum \hat V(a)e^{i\sc{a,x}}$ is an analytic function with $\hat V$ real, and $F$ is a real analytic function in $\Re u$, $\Im u$ and $x$. (This equation is a popular model for the `real' NLS equation, where instead of the convolution term $V*u$ we have the potential term $Vu$.) For $\ep=0$ the equation is linear and has time--quasi-periodic solutions $u$, $$ u(t,x)=\sum_{a\in \AA}\hat u(a)e^{i(|a|^2+\hat V(a))t}e^{i\sc{a,x}} \quad (|\hat u(a)|>0), $$ where $\AA$ is any finite subset of $\Z^d$. We shall treat $\omega_a=|a|^2+\hat V(a)$, $a\in\AA$, as free parameters in some domain $U\subset\R^{\AA}$. This is a Hamiltonian system in infinite degrees of freedom, degenerate but with external parameters, and we shall describe a KAM-theory which, under general conditions, will have the following consequence: If $|\ep|$ is sufficiently small, then there is a large subset $U'$ of $U$ such that for all $\omega\in U'$ the solution $u$ persists as a time--quasi-periodic solution which has all Lyapounov exponents equal to zero and whose linearized equation is reducible to constant coefficients.