Multi-component strongly attractive Fermi gas: a color superconductor in a one-dimensional harmonic trap

TL;DR

This paper studies a strongly interacting multi-component Fermi gas in a one-dimensional trap, revealing a deconfining transition and collective mode behavior analogous to quark color superconductivity.

Contribution

It provides an exact Bethe ansatz analysis of the equation of state and collective modes of multi-component Fermi gases in a 1D trap, highlighting a deconfining transition.

Findings

Peak in collective mode frequency at critical density

Identification of a deconfining transition analogous to quark color superconductor

Detailed density profiles and binding energies of multi-component clusters

Abstract

Recent advances in ultra-cold atomic Fermi gases make it possible to achieve a fermionic superfluid with multiple spin components. In this context, any mean-field description is expected to fail, owing to the presence of tightly bound clusters or molecules that consist of more than two particles. Here we present a detailed study of a strongly interacting multi-component Fermi gas in a highly elongated or quasi-one-dimensional harmonic trap, which could be readily obtained in experiment. By using the exact Bethe ansatz solution and a local density approximation treatment of the harmonic trap, we investigate the equation of state of the multi-component Fermi gas in both a homogeneous and trapped environment, as well as the density profiles and low-energy collective modes. The binding energy of multi-component bound clusters is also given. We show that there is a peak in the collective mode frequency at the critical density for a deconfining transition to a many-body state that is analogous to the quark color superconductor state expected in neutron stars.