Eigenvalue estimates for the scattering problem associated to the sine-Gordon equation

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the spectral properties of the scattering problem linked to the sine-Gordon equation, showing eigenvalues lie on the unit circle and are simple under certain initial conditions, extending previous results and connecting to Krein stability theory.

Contribution

It provides eigenvalue estimates for the sine-Gordon scattering problem, demonstrating eigenvalues are on the unit circle and simple for specific initial profiles, and relates these findings to Krein stability theory.

Findings

Eigenvalues lie on the unit circle for certain initial conditions.

Eigenvalues are simple and have a definite Krein signature.

The results extend previous work on similar scattering problems.

Abstract

One of the difficulties associated with the scattering problems arising in connection with integrable systems is that they are frequently non-self-adjoint, making it difficult to determine where the spectrum lies. In this paper, we consider the problem of locating and counting the discrete eigenvalues associated with the scattering problem for which the sine-Gordon equation is the isospectral flow. In particular, suppose that we take an initially stationary pulse for the sine-Gordon equation, with a profile that has either one extremum point of height less than pi and topological charge 0, or is monotone with topological charge +-1. Then we show that the point spectrum lies on the unit circle and is simple. Furthermore, we give a count of the number of eigenvalues. This result is an analog of that of Klaus and Shaw for the Zakharov-Shabat scattering problem. We also relate our results, as well as those of Klaus and Shaw, to the Krein stability theory for symplectic matrices. In particular we show that the scattering problem associated to the sine-Gordon equation has a symplectic structure, and under the above conditions the point eigenvalues have a definite Krein signature, and are thus simple and lie on the unit circle.