Magnetic Phase Transitions in One-dimensional Strongly Attractive Three-Component Ultracold Fermions

TL;DR

This paper analytically explores quantum phase transitions and exotic phases in one-dimensional three-component ultracold fermions with strong attraction, revealing smooth transitions driven by external magnetic fields.

Contribution

It provides exact analytical results for ground state energies, critical fields, and phase diagrams in a complex three-component fermionic system under external fields.

Findings

Identification of exotic phases including trions, pairs, and Fermi liquids.

Discovery of smooth phase transitions driven by Zeeman splitting.

Analytical phase diagrams detailing transitions between different quantum states.

Abstract

We investigate the nature of trions, pairing and quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional strongly attractive three-component ultracold fermions in external fields. Exact results for the groundstate energy, critical fields, magnetization and phase diagrams are obtained analytically from the Bethe ansatz solutions. Driven by Zeeman splitting, the system shows exotic phases of trions, bound pairs, a normal Fermi liquid and four mixtures of these states. Particularly, a smooth phase transition from a trionic phase into a pairing phase occurs as the highest hyperfine level separates from the two lower energy levels. In contrast, there is a smooth phase transition from the trionic phase into a normal Fermi liquid as the lowest level separates from the two higher levels.