Automated search for galactic star clusters in large multiband surveys: I. Discovery of 15 new open clusters in the Galactic anticenter region

TL;DR

This paper presents an automated method for discovering galactic star clusters in large surveys, successfully identifying 15 new open clusters and analyzing their properties, significantly expanding the known sample in the Galactic anticenter region.

Contribution

The authors developed a novel automated search method based on density convolution and isochrone fitting, enabling efficient discovery and analysis of star clusters in large stellar catalogs.

Findings

Identified 15 new open clusters in the Galactic anticenter region.

Determined physical parameters for 12 new clusters, enhancing existing data.

Almost tripled the number of studied open clusters in this region.

Abstract

Aims: According to some estimations, there are as many as 100000 open clusters in the Galaxy, but less than 2000 of them have been discovered, measured, and cataloged. We plan to undertake data mining of multiwavelength surveys to find new star clusters. Methods: We have developed a new method to search automatically for star clusters in very large stellar catalogs, which is based on convolution with density functions. We have applied this method to a subset of the Two Micron All Sky Survey catalog toward the Galactic anticenter. We also developed a method to verify whether detected stellar groups are real star clusters, which tests whether the stars that form the spatial density peak also fall onto a single isochrone in the color-magnitude diagram. By fitting an isochrone to the data, we estimate at the same time the main physical parameters of a cluster: age, distance, color excess. Results: For the present paper, we carried out a detailed analysis of 88 overdensity peaks detected in a field of $16\times16$ degrees near the Galactic anticenter. From this analysis, 15 overdensities were confirmed to be new open clusters and the physical and structural parameters were determined for 12 of them; 10 of them were previously suspected to be open clusters by Kronberger (2006) and Froebrich (2007). The properties were also determined for 13 yet-unstudied known open clusters, thus almost tripling the sample of open clusters with studied parameters in the anticenter. The parameters determined with this method showed a good agreement with published data for a set of well-known clusters.