Vacuum shell in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter world

TL;DR

This paper classifies all possible evolution scenarios of a thin vacuum shell in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space, relevant for modeling early Universe vacuum bubbles, revealing outcomes like expansion, black hole formation, or wormholes.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive classification scheme for the global geometries of vacuum shells in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space, a novel framework for understanding their evolution.

Findings

Shells can expand indefinitely or contract to form black holes.

Shells can form wormholes with baby universes inside.

The classification covers all possible evolution scenarios.

Abstract

We construct the classification scheme for all possible evolution scenarios and find the corresponding global geometries for dynamics of a thin spherical vacuum shell in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric. This configuration is suitable for the modelling of vacuum bubbles arising during cosmological phase transitions in the early Universe. The distinctive final types of evolution from the local point of view of a rather distant observer are either the unlimited expansion of the shell or its contraction with a formation of black hole (with a central singularity) or wormhole (with a baby universe in interior).