The New Science of Gravitational Waves

TL;DR

This paper discusses the upcoming scientific breakthroughs from direct detection of gravitational waves using interferometers, highlighting new insights into black holes, cosmic events, and fundamental physics.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive survey of how gravitational wave detection will revolutionize astrophysics and fundamental physics in the coming decades.

Findings

Detection of gravitational waves will enable new astronomical observations.

Black hole mergers will be precisely modeled and measured.

Potential to explore early universe physics and quantum spacetime effects.

Abstract

A brief survey is presented of new science that will emerge during the decades ahead from direct detection of gravitational radiation. Interferometers on earth and in space will probe the universe in an entirely new way by directly sensing motions of distant matter over a range of more than a million in frequency. The most powerful sources of gravitational (or indeed any form of) energy in the universe are inspiralling and merging binary black holes; with LISA data, they will become the most distant, most completely and precisely modeled, and most accurately measured systems in astronomy outside the solar system. Other sources range from already known and named nearby Galactic binary stars, to compact objects being swallowed by massive black holes, to possible effects of new physics: phase transitions and superstrings from the early universe, or holographic noise from quantum fluctuations of local spacetime.