On The Orbital Evolution of Jupiter Mass Protoplanet Embedded in A Self-Gravity Disk

TL;DR

This study uses advanced hydrodynamic simulations to explore how a Jupiter-mass protoplanet's orbit evolves within a self-gravitating protoplanetary disk, emphasizing the importance of self-gravity and numerical resolution in migration outcomes.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent simulation approach incorporating disk self-gravity, revealing its critical role in planetary migration, especially for type III runaway migration.

Findings

Self-gravity significantly influences type III migration.

Adequate resolution within the Roche lobe is crucial for accurate results.

Isolated, non-eccentric protoplanets do not undergo type III migration.

Abstract

We performed a series of hydro-dynamic simulations to investigate the orbital migration of a Jovian planet embedded in a proto-stellar disk. In order to take into account of the effect of the disk's self gravity, we developed and adopted an \textbf{Antares} code which is based on a 2-D Godunov scheme to obtain the exact Reimann solution for isothermal or polytropic gas, with non-reflecting boundary conditions. Our simulations indicate that in the study of the runaway (type III) migration, it is important to carry out a fully self consistent treatment of the gravitational interaction between the disk and the embedded planet. Through a series of convergence tests, we show that adequate numerical resolution, especially within the planet's Roche lobe, critically determines the outcome of the simulations. We consider a variety of initial conditions and show that isolated, non eccentric protoplanet planets do not undergo type III migration. We attribute the difference between our and previous simulations to the contribution of a self consistent representation of the disk's self gravity. Nevertheless, type III migration cannot be completely suppressed and its onset requires finite amplitude perturbations such as that induced by planet-planet interaction. We determine the radial extent of type III migration as a function of the disk's self gravity.