GRB060602B = Swift J1749.4-2807: an unusual transiently accreting neutron-star X-ray binary

TL;DR

This paper identifies Swift J1749.4-2807 as an unusual transiently accreting neutron-star X-ray binary, characterized by a type-I X-ray burst and rapid X-ray luminosity decline, suggesting a potentially large, overlooked population of similar systems.

Contribution

The study confirms the neutron-star binary nature of Swift J1749.4-2807 and highlights its atypical rapid X-ray variability, proposing a new class of fast transient low-mass X-ray binaries.

Findings

The burst spectrum is consistent with a thermonuclear flash from an accreting neutron star.

The source is at most 6.7±1.3 kpc away.

The X-ray luminosity decreased by nearly 3 orders of magnitude in about 1 day.

Abstract

We present an analysis of the Swift BAT and XRT data of GRB060602B, which is most likely an accreting neutron star in a binary system and not a gamma-ray burst. Our analysis shows that the BAT burst spectrum is consistent with a thermonuclear flash (type-I X-ray burst) from the surface of an accreting neutron star in a binary system. The X-ray binary nature is further confirmed by the report of a detection of a faint point source at the position of the XRT counterpart of the burst in archival XMM-Newton data approximately 6 years before the burst and in more recent XMM-Newton data obtained at the end of September 2006 (nearly 4 months after the burst). Since the source is very likely not a gamma-ray burst, we rename the source Swift J1749.4-2807, based on the Swift/BAT discovery coordinates. Using the BAT data of the type-I X-ray burst we determined that the source is at most at a distance of 6.7+-1.3 kpc. For a transiently accreting X-ray binary its soft X-ray behaviour is atypical: its 2-10 keV X-ray luminosity (as measured using the Swift/XRT data) decreased by nearly 3 orders of magnitude in about 1 day, much faster than what is usually seen for X-ray transients. If the earlier phases of the outburst also evolved this rapidly, then many similar systems might remain undiscovered because the X-rays are difficult to detect and the type-I X-ray bursts might be missed by all sky surveying instruments. This source might be part of a class of very-fast transient low-mass X-ray binary systems of which there may be a significant population in our Galaxy.