The jet of Markarian 501 from the sub-parsec to the kpc scale

TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution radio observations to analyze the jet structure of Markarian 501 from sub-parsec to kiloparsec scales, revealing new insights into its morphology and properties.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed multi-scale radio imaging of Markarian 501, combining 1.4 GHz and 86 GHz data to probe regions previously inaccessible.

Findings

Mapped the large-scale one-sided jet at 1.4 GHz

Constrained jet properties using jet to counter-jet brightness ratio

Produced high-resolution images of the nuclear region at 86 GHz

Abstract

We have observed the BL Lac object Markarian 501 at 1.4 GHz with the High Sensitivity Array and at 86 GHz with the global VLBI mm array. Thanks to the great resolution and sensitivity provided by these instruments, we probe regions of the radio jets never accessed before. The new data at 1.4 GHz allow us to map the one-sided jet at large distances from the core, and to constrain jet properties thanks to the high jet to counter-jet brightness ratio. The 86 GHz data give us a high resolution image of the nuclear region. Putting together these new results and available published data we discuss the properties of this source from sub-parsec to kiloparsec scales.