From the Planck to the Photon Scale

TL;DR

This paper explores the universe's fundamental scales, proposing the Planck scale as the minimum and the Photon scale as the maximum, and relates these to observed cosmic residual energy.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework linking quantum zero point field, thermodynamics, and cosmic scales to explain residual energy.

Findings

Planck scale as minimum mass scale

Photon scale as maximum mass scale

Residual cosmic energy of 10^{-33} eV explained

Abstract

Using considerations from the Quantum Zero Point Field and Thermodynamics, we show that the Planck Scale is the minimum (maximum mass) and the Photon Scale is the maximum (minimum mass) Scale in the universe. The arguments also deduce the residual cosmic energy of $10^{-33}eV$ observed lately.