The Universe expansion and Energy problems

TL;DR

This paper develops a physical model of universe expansion using a time-dependent Riemannian space, unifying various physics principles and constants, and providing insights into the universe's age, size, and energy.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model that unifies classical and modern physics by incorporating time-dependent constants and adapting general relativity to describe universe expansion.

Findings

The universe's size and age are determined within the model.

Only total energy, electromagnetic constant, and speed of light are universal constants.

Other fundamental constants are time-dependent and related to these constants.

Abstract

In this paper we construct a physical modelization of the universe expansion. The universe then reduces to a Riemannian space $0.2cm$ $(B(O,R(t)),g_t)$, where $R(t) \sim t$ for $t \gg $0, and $g_t$ is a time - dependent Riemannian metric which reflects and characterizes the dynamical matter - energy distribution $E_t(X)$ on $B(O,R(t))$ according to the Mach - Einstein principle. Our model allows us to resolve several major problems of Physics. It is consistent in the sense that all Newtonian and classical physical laws are valid as particular cases in classical situations. Moreover, our model permits to recover some confirmed principles and postulates such as the famous Einstein's relationship $ E = mc^2$ and to specify some approximate results of modern Physics. After showing, rigorously, the deficiency of the second part of the special relativity second postulate and after specifying the role of the wave quantum Mechanics and the quantum Statistics, we adapt the Einstein's general relativity theory and the (Einstein - de Sitter - Friedmann) homogeneous isotropic cosmology to our setting. This readaptation allows us to determine the age, the size and the total energy of our universe and to prove that only the total energy E, the electromagnetic constant $ke^2$ and the speed of light c are time - independent universal constants. The other fundamental constants of Physics (such as G,$\bar{h}$, $K_B 0.05cm T$, $\alpha$...) are indeed time - dependent and naturally related to the previous ones. Consequently, we realize the unification of all Physics' domains The expanding universe is so reduced to four basic elements (E, c, $ke^2$, t) and dynamically described by a (reviewed) general relativity theory.